Know About Indo-Pak War of 1965
Fri, 27 Feb 2026
The Indo-Pak War of 1965 was one of the most significant military conflicts between India and Pakistan between August and September of 1965. The main subjects of the war were the contested state in Kashmir and it was the second full-scale war between the two countries after 194748 conflict.
Background & Causes
The tensions had been building up a year ago in 1965 after skirmishes in Rann of Kutch area. The driving force was however the operation Gibraltar of the Pakistan forces to penetrate troops in Indian ruled Kashmir in order to persuade a revolt. The response of India by military actions led to the spread of the conflict beyond the international boundary and became a classical war of land/air/armies.
Big Battles and Military Operations
The major battles occurred in places like Lahore, Sialkot and in Kashmir. India also retaliated against Lahore and Pakistan moved forward in the Chamb sector. One of the largest tank battles since World War II took place at Asal Uttar in the war. Air forces were largely involved, and the role of the naval forces was not great. Both sides were unable to gain a decisive victory against each other in spite of the intense fighting.
Foreign Intervention and Truce
During the cold war times, the war was an international affair. A ceasefire was declared by the United Nations and it took effect on 23 September 1965. The peace negotiation was eventually conducted in Tashkent and the Tashkent Agreement was signed in January 1966. The Soviet Union mediated the agreement and both countries had to retreat back to pre-war positions.
Casualties & Impact
Both nations lost a lot of lives and thousands of soldiers were killed and injured. The influence of the war on political leadership in the two countries was that the military preparedness was enhanced. In India, it strengthened the unity of the country, whereas in Pakistan it caused political developments in the consecutive years.
Conclusion
Indo-Pak War of 1965 is one of the crucial events in South Asian history. Although it did not lead to any alteration of its territories, it made hostility between India and Pakistan stronger and emphasized how dangerous the Kashmir issue could be. The war indicated how diplomatic involvement is significant as indicated in the Tashkent Agreement that only stipulated peace at the time but failed to address any underlying tensions.