Traditional Dress of Ladakh Men & Women

Introduction

Ladakh, known as the ‘Land of High Passes’, has a unique culture shaped by its cold desert climate and Buddhist heritage. The traditional attire of Ladakh reflects its geographical conditions, lifestyle, and spiritual traditions, blending functionality with cultural beauty.

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Traditional Dress for Women

The traditional dress for Ladakhi women is called Goncha, accompanied by Perak.

• Goncha is a long robe made from thick woollen material to protect against the harsh cold. It is tied at the waist with a colourful sash called Skyaak. The Goncha is usually maroon, dark brown, or black in colour and is worn over warm inner layers.

• Perak is the most distinctive part of the women’s attire. It is an elaborate headgear made of black lamb skin studded with turquoise stones, silver ornaments, and coral, extending from the forehead to the back. The number of turquoise rows indicates the wearer’s social and economic status.

Women also wear woollen boots called Papu, along with silver jewellery, turquoise necklaces, and earrings, enhancing their elegant and royal look, especially during festivals and weddings.

Traditional Dress for Men

For men, the traditional dress is also Goncha, similar to women, but styled differently.

• Goncha for men is made of thick woollen cloth, worn with a colourful sash tied around the waist to keep it secured and provide warmth. Underneath, men wear woollen pants and shirts for insulation.

• Men often wear a woollen cap called Tipi or Ladakhi Topi, usually maroon or brown with colourful borders. During winters, they use thick shawls or blankets called Lokpa draped over their shoulders for extra warmth.

Footwear includes traditional woollen boots lined with fur, designed to protect from snow and cold winds.

Special Occasion Attire

During festivals, weddings, and religious ceremonies, men and women wear richer versions of their traditional attire with finer woollen fabric and detailed embroidery. Women adorn themselves with heavy silver and turquoise jewellery, while men carry prayer beads and wear ceremonial hats.

Monks and religious figures wear maroon robes with yellow sashes, representing Buddhist monastic traditions.

Modern Adaptations

While western wear is common in daily life today, traditional dresses remain integral during cultural events, monastery visits, and tourism showcases. Many Ladakhi youth now incorporate elements of Goncha designs into modern jackets and accessories to preserve cultural identity with contemporary style.

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Conclusion

The traditional dress of Ladakh is not just clothing but a reflection of its harsh climate, cultural pride, and rich Buddhist heritage. It continues to symbolise the resilient and vibrant lifestyle of Ladakhi people in 2025.